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Francesco Zuccarelli
Francesco Zuccarelli RA ((:franˈtʃesko dzukkaˈrɛlli), 15 August 1702 – 30 December 1788) was an Italian painter of the late Baroque or Rococo period. He is best known for his Arcadian landscapes that received initial renown in Venice and later achieved popularity in England where he resided for two extended periods. In 1768, he became a founding member of the Royal Academy of Arts, and upon his final return to Italy, he was elected president of the Venetian Academy.
==Rome and Tuscany (1702–32)==
Born at Pitigliano, in southern Tuscany, Zuccarelli began his apprenticeship in Rome c. 1713–14 with the portrait painters Giovanni Maria Morandi (1622–1717) and his pupil Pietro Nelli (1672–1740),〔Tassi, Francesco Maria ''Vite de' pittori, scultori e architetti bergamaschi.'' Vol II. Bergamo, 1793. p. 86. Tassi died in 1782, and the work was published posthumously.〕 under whose tutelage he learned the elements of design while absorbing the lessons of Roman classicism.〔Spadotto, Federica. ''Francesco Zuccarelli.'' Catalogue raisonné. Preface by Filippo Pedrocco. Bruno Alfieri, Milan. 2007.〕 Francesco completed his first commission in Pitigliano in the years 1724–27, a pair of chapel altarpieces.〔 With the sponsorship of the Florentine art connoisseur, Francisco Maria Niccolò Gabburri (1676–1742), in the late 1720s and early 1730s Zuccarelli focused on etching. He eventually produced at least 43 prints, the majority consisting of two series which recorded the deteriorating frescoes of Giovanni da San Giovanni (1592–1636) and Andrea del Sarto (1486–1531). During his Tuscan period, though preoccuppied with figurative subjects, he began to experiment with drawings in landscape,〔 and according to non-contemporary sources his introduction to the latter genre was through the Roman landscape painter and etcher Paolo Anesi (1697–1773).〔Lanzi, Luigi. ''La storia pittorica della Italia inferiore, o sia delle scuole fiorentina, senese, romana, napolitana.'' Firenze, Stamperia di Ant. Gius. Pagani, 1792; and Lanzi, L. ''Storia pittorica della Italia dal Risorgimento delle Belle Arti fin presso la fine del XVIII secolo.'' Bassano, Remondini, 1795–1796. There is a difference in wording between the 1792 and 1795 editions. In 1792, Lanzi wrote ''"Nel 1788 morì in Firenze di anni 86 Francesco Zuccherelli di Pitigliano, ammaestrato nella capitale (=Florence) dall'Anesi, poi in Roma dal Morandi e dal Nelli"'' (p. 147); then, in 1795, ''"Molti quadri di vedute campestri son per Firenze dipinte da Paolo Anesi, e ve n'è copia anche in Roma. Da questo fu incamminato nell'arte Francesco Zuccherelli..."'' (p. 270). See note on p. 319 in Michel, Olivier; "Recherches Biographiques sur Paolo Anesi." In: ''Vivre et Peindre à Rome au XVIII''e Siėcle'. Ècole Française de Rome, Palais Farnèse, 1996. It seems likely that Zuccarelli already knew Anesi from Rome, or met him in Florence through their common friend Gabburi, whose collection of paintings were devoted almost exclusively to landscape and included five by Anesi, and notably, in light of later developments, four from Marco Ricci. Both Zuccarelli and Anesi exhibited at the ''Accademici del Disegno'' on the occasion of the festival of St. Luke in Florence in 1729.〕
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